解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The upper airway undergoes progressive changes during childhood. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we studied the growth relationships of the tissues surrounding the upper airway (bone and soft tissues) in 92 normal children (47% males; range, 1 to 11 yr) who underwent brain MRI. None had symptoms of sleep-disor...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2107140
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme in aerobic organisms that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unusual in that it secretes large quantities of iron-cofactored SOD. To determine the role of SOD in pathogenesis, we constructed mutants o...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.12.2106093
更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pharyngeal dilator muscle activation (GGEMG) during wakefulness is greater in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than in healthy control subjects, representing a neuromuscular compensatory mechanism for a more collapsible airway. As previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated a close relationship betwe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2102048
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To be most effective, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) ventilators should synchronize well with patients' breathing. However, the speed with which different ventilators can respond to the transitions between inspiration and expiration may vary, and abnormal respiratory mechanics and mask leaks may exacerbate this problem...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2011147
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protective role for dietary antioxidants in asthma has been proposed. However, epidemiological evidence to implicate antioxidant vitamins is weak, and data on the role of flavonoid-rich foods and antioxidant trace elements are lacking. We carried out a population-based case-control study in South London, UK, to inve...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2104061
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the airways can be either detrimental or protective to the host. To investigate the role of NO in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), we measured exhaled NO (ENO) after exercise challenge in 39 asthmatic and six normal children. FEV(1) and ENO were measured bef...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2009105
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Damage to the airway epithelium is one prominent feature of chronic asthma. Corticosteroids induce apoptosis in inflammatory cells, which in part explains their ability to suppress airway inflammation. However, corticosteroid therapy does not necessarily reverse epithelial damage. We hypothesized that corticosteroids ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2103013
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Noninflammatory structural alterations, variously referred to as airway remodeling, are well documented in the asthmatic airway. However, the pathogenesis of these alterations, the importance of airway remodeling in generating the asthma phenotype, and the natural history of airway remodeling responses have not been a...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.supplement_2.2106070
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prior data indicate positive effects of long-term exercise interventions for cognitive functioning among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but no prior studies have examined acute effects of individual bouts of exercise among patients with COPD. This study evaluated acute effects of exercise ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2104137
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This prospective and controlled pilot study evaluates the long-term effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) on exercise endurance, hematology variables, quality of life, and survival of 23 adult patients (mean age, 32 +/- 6 yr) with post-tricuspid congenital heart defects (ventricular septal defect = 10; patent duct...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2106076
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A noninvasive method to characterize inflammation and infection in the airways of nonexpectorating children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is needed for clinical and research purposes. Accordingly, we performed sputum inductions by administering 3% saline to 11 healthy control children and 20 children with CF, composed of ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2104075
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Interpretation of incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) might be enhanced by considering the simultaneous rates of change of certain key variables, e.g., Delta oxygen uptake/Delta work rate (Delta VO(2)/Delta WR), Delta heart rate/Delta VO(2) (Delta HR/Delta VO(2)), Delta ventilation/Delta carbon dioxide p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2103007
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::It has been nearly a century since the first suggestion that a soluble factor in plasma or serum might be responsible for the symptoms of allergic disease and asthma, and more than 30 yr since immunoglobulin E (IgE) was identified as the key molecule in mediating what are now described as type 1 hypersensitivity react...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.supplement_1.2103024
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Induced sputum using hypertonic saline (HS) is a useful research tool to study airway inflammation (AI). HS provocation testing can also be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). A combined HS challenge and sputum induction procedure has been developed to permit assessment of AI and AHR in a single test. Th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.7.2103015
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess the influence of preservation solution type and extra- or intracellular composition on the occurrence of early graft dysfunction after clinical lung transplantation. For 170 patients who underwent a single (n = 124) or bilateral (n = 46) lung transplantation in two centers in Paris ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.7.2012135
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have shown evidence of significant parent-offspring and sibling correlation in FEV1, but familial aggregation of decline of FEV1 over time has not been reported. Our study population comprised 392 families enrolled in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Diseases. Subjects were older than 18 ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.7.2010051
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The forced oscillation technique (FOT) and interrupter technique are particularly attractive for pediatric use as they require only passive cooperation from the patient. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for detecting airway obstruction and its reversibility in 118 children (3-16 yr) with as...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2010153
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to examine the performance characteristics of four high-frequency oscillatory-type ventilators, using an in vitro model of the intubated neonatal respiratory system. Each ventilator was examined across its operative range of settings and at varying model lung compliance (C) and resistance. The oscilla...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2005008
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the differential properties of mucous glycoproteins, we produced hypertrophic and metaplastic changes in goblet cells of rat nasal epithelium by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin (OVA) in OVA-sensitized rats, and by intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. The epithelial mucosubstance was quanti...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2012058
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between asthma medication and the perception of asthma symptoms is of interest for daily practice. Poor perception of asthma symptoms might influence patients' health care behavior and subsequently might lead to undertreatment and deterioration of their disease. This study investigated the influence o...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.5.9910103
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated levels of ambient particulate matter (PM(10)) have been associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. We previously showed that the deposition of particles in the lung induces a systemic inflammatory response that includes stimulation of the bone marrow. This marrow response is related to...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.5.2010160
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of strain difference in the response to cigarette smoke was investigated in mice. Mice of the strains DBA/2 and C57BL/6J responded to acute cigarette smoke with a decrease of the antioxidant defenses of their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. On the other hand, under these conditions ICR mice increased the...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.5.2010032
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the relationship between the extent of pulmonary emphysema, assessed by quantitative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and lung mechanics in 24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The extent of emphysema was quantified as the relative lung area with CT numbers < -950 H...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2010066
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In unilateral lung injury, application of global positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may cause overdistension of normal alveoli and redistribution of blood flow to diseased lung areas, thereby worsening oxygenation. We hypothesized that selective application of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) will recruit the inju...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2005127
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic investigation has established an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and human health in the Utah Valley. Reduction of particle mass during the temporary closure of a local steel mill was associated with diminished morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that the biologic ef...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2011089
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated ultrasonic examination as a diagnostic tool for catheter misplacement and pneumothorax after central venous catheter insertion. Physicians in the intensive care unit (ICU) performed the ultrasonic examinations, and the results were compared with those of chest radiography. Eighty-five central venous cathe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2009042
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although transbronchial lung biopsy (TBBx) is widely acknowledged as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of acute rejection, controversy exists regarding the need to perform follow-up procedures. Over a 5-yr period, we performed 1,142 TBBx of which 173 were follow-up TBBx in 99 patients with pulmonary allograft rejectio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2011152
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced bronchodilatation in response to deep inspiration (DI) has been demonstrated in asthmatics. We have previously shown that inhibition of DI for 10 min or more during methacholine inhalation increases airway narrowing in normals. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of DIs during methacholine inhalation in a...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.2.2006101
更新日期:2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Theophylline is well-established in the management of asthma, and there is some evidence of an antiinflammatory effect in asthma. It is not known whether theophylline affects inflammatory markers such as sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with mild asthma not receiving inhaled steroid therapy...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.2.2006043
更新日期:2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the influence of current indoor levels of fungi, house dust mite allergen (Der p 1), and cat allergen (Fel d 1) on sensitization and asthma in adults. A total of 485 adults answered a questionnaire and had skin prick tests and lung function tests. Dust and air samples were collected from their bedrooms. Th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.9911066
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to elucidate the relationships between pleural (Ppl), esophageal (Pes), and superimposed gravitational pressures in acute lung injury, and to understand the mechanisms of recruitment and derecruitment. In six dogs with oleic acid respiratory failure, we measured Pes and Ppl in the uppermost, middle, and most ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.2007010
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown origin, primarily affecting the lungs. The granulomatous inflammation is driven by the interplay between various molecules and cells, including T cells. Previously, our group reported a close correlation between lung-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) AV2S3 CD4-positive T-ce...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2005028
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic factors are likely to contribute to the variable presentation of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether the LTalpha+250 (TNFbeta+250) and TNFalpha-308 gene polymorphisms are associated with different presentations of CAP. Septic shock (SS) was ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2011088
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of diaphragm injury, to quantify the injury and number of macrophages at the light microscopic level, and to determine their association with airflow obstruction in humans. Partial-thickness diaphragm biopsies were obtained from 21 subjects going for thoracotomy sur...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2001042
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for quick, reliable, and noninvasive lung function tests to assess airway obstruction in preschool children both for pediatric pulmonary care as well as for research purposes. We studied feasibility, reproducibility, and validity of measurements of the respiratory system using the interrupter technique...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2005076
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that exposure to mycobacteria has the potential to suppress the development of asthma and/or atopy and there are reports in the Chinese medical literature of repeated vaccination with inactivated BCG being effective in the management of asthma. Forty-th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2003050
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety of sputum induction and the reproducibility of measurements in induced sputum in multicenter studies is unknown. We examined the safety of sputum induction in a two-visit, six-center study in 79 subjects with moderate to severe asthma (mean +/- SD FEV(1) 71 +/- 12% predicted, 67% taking inhaled corticostero...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.9901105
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition in which continuous bronchodilation may have clinical advantages. This study evaluated salmeterol, a beta-agonist bronchodilator with a duration of action substantially longer than that of short-acting beta-agonists, compared with ipratropium, an anticholiner...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.9903053
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because inflammation stimulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) with an associated increased local NO production, we hypothesized that patients with pneumonia would have increased excretion of NO into their airways. To test this hypothesis, NO was measured in the exhaled air and from the ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.9906049
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although contraction of human isolated bronchi is mediated mainly by tachykinin NK2 receptors, NK1 receptors, via prostanoid release, contract small-size (approximately 1 mm in diameter) bronchi. Here, we have investigated the presence and biological responses of NK1 receptors in medium-size (2-5 mm in diameter) human...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2002079
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00